Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (IV), carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydride, chemical formula CO₂) is a colorless gas (under normal conditions) odorless (in high concentrations with a sour «soda» odor), easily dissolves in water. It’s an essential element in the photosynthesis process. Plants absorb Carbon dioxide during daylight hours. The process of photosynthesis takes place, as a result of which Oxygen is produced.
The density of Carbon dioxide under normal conditions is 1.98 kg/m³ (1.5 times heavier than air). At atmospheric pressure, Carbon dioxide does not exist in a liquid state, passing directly from a solid to a gaseous state (sublimation). Solid carbon dioxide is called «dry ice».
At elevated pressure and normal temperatures, Carbon dioxide turns into a liquid state of aggregation. And this property is used to store large quantities of it.

Carbon dioxide has a relatively low critical temperature of +31°C. About 24 kg of liquefied Carbon dioxide is poured into a standard 40-liter cylinder and at room temperature there will be a liquid phase in the cylinder, and the pressure will be 5.88 MPa (60 kgf/cm²). If the temperature is above +31°C, then Carbon dioxide will go into a supercritical state with a pressure above 7.36 MPa. The standard working pressure for a conventional 40-liter cylinder is 14.7 MPa (150 kgf/cm²), but it must safely withstand a pressure 1.5 times higher, that is, 22.5 MPa, and thus working with such cylinders can consider quite safe.

Scopes of Carbon dioxide:

• in the food industry for the creation of carbonated drinks and as a preservative and baking powder (code E290);
• in mechanical engineering, to create a protective environment when welding metals;
• in agriculture as a plant growth stimulant and preservative for fodder ensiling;
• in medicine (cryosurgery) it is used as one of the main substances for the treatment and removal of neoplasms;
• as a fire extinguishing agent in gas fire extinguishing installations and fire extinguishers;
• in pneumatic weapons (in gas-cylinder pneumatics) and as a source of energy for engines in aircraft modeling;
• as a refrigerant (solid state – “dry ice”) in laboratory research, in retail trade, during equipment repair.

The Carbon dioxide produced by Ingas LLC complies with TU U 24.1-14361569-006: 2006.